浪遊之歌—走路的歷史 純粹摘錄（中英文）

書名：浪遊之歌-走路的歷史 Wanderlust-A History of Walking

作者：雷倍嘉・索爾尼 Rebecca Solnit

譯者：刁筱華

p.80

朝聖之旅是以「神聖物不完全是非物質性的，充滿精神力的地理位置是存在的」的觀念為前提。朝聖之旅游走在精神性與物質性之間，強調故事與故事發生的地點：雖然朝聖之旅是追求靈性，他是以物質性的手段被從事—到達佛陀出生之地或基督死亡之地、聖骨掩埋之地或聖水流動之地。也可說朝聖之旅折衷了精神與物質，因進行朝聖之旅是使身體和其行動表達慾望和信仰。朝聖之旅結合信仰與行動，思考與行動，此和諧在聖物有物質存在和地點時被達成是很合理的。新教徒（和一些佛教徒及猶太人）反對朝聖，認為朝聖是偶像崇拜主張精神性應被視為完全非物質性的事物。

p.50

Pilgrimage is premised on the idea that the sacred is not entirely immaterial, but that there is a geography of spiritual power. Pilgrimage walks a delicate line between the spiritual and the material in its emphasis on the story and its setting: though the search is for spirituality, it is pursued in terms of the most material details — of where the Buddha was born or where Christ died, where the relics are or the holy water flows. Or perhaps it reconciles the spiritual and the material, for to go on pilgrimage is to make the body and its actions express the desires and beliefs of the soul. Pilgrimage unites belief with action, thinking with doing, and it makes sense that this harmony is achieved when the sacred has material presence and location. Protestants, as well as the occasional Buddhist and Jew, have objected to pilgrimages as a kind of icon worship and asserted that the spiritual should be sought within as something wholly immaterial, rather than out in the world.

p.81

在朝聖之旅中，人遺忘他在此世的位置—家庭、眷戀、地位、責任，成為行走者。特納夫婦視朝聖之旅為刺激閾的狀態（liminal state）—置身於個人過去與未來身分間，外於社會秩序，充滿可能性的狀態。Liminality來自拉丁文limin，「閾」之意，朝聖者在象徵和身體上都跨過此界限：「朝聖者被剝奪地位、權威，遠離由權力支撐的社會結構，並經由紀律和嚴厲考驗上升到和諧狀態。不過，他們的世俗無權力可能因為神聖權力—弱者的權力（一方面得自親近自然，列一方面得自接受神聖知識）—而獲得補償。被社會結構束縛的事物被解放，尤其是戰鬥、團結意識。」

In going on pilgrimage, one has left behind the complications of one's place in the world-family, attachments, rank, duties-and become a walker among walkers, for there is no aristocracy among pilgrims save that of achievement and dedication. The Turners talk about pilgrimage as a liminal state-a state of being between one's past and future identities and thus outside the established order, in a state of possibility. Liminality comes from the Latin limin, a threshold, and a pilgrim has both symbolically and physically stepped over such a line: "Liminars are stripped of status and authority, removed from a social structure maintained and sanctioned by power and force, and leveled to a homogeneous social state through discipline and ordeal. Their secular powerlessness may be compensated for by a sacred power, however-the power of the weak, derived on the one hand from the resurgence of nature when structural power is removed, and on the other from the reception of sacred knowledge. Much of what has been bound by social structure is liberated, notably the sense of comradeship and communion, or communitas.